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Which property of a substance is NOT affected by temperature?

  1. Physical state

  2. Mass

  3. Density

  4. Volume

The correct answer is: Mass

Mass is a fundamental property of a substance and is defined as the amount of matter it contains. Importantly, mass does not change with temperature; it remains constant regardless of the substance's state or the environmental conditions it is exposed to. In contrast, the physical state of a substance (solid, liquid, gas), density, and volume can all be influenced by temperature. For example, heating a solid can cause it to melt into a liquid, and further heating can turn that liquid into a gas. This change affects the physical state, and as the substance changes states, its volume and density can also shift. However, the mass of the substance stays the same through these changes, since mass is not dependent on temperature.